(20) The word to have ’brother’, aha within the BT, have on the other hand become augmented, even though this function is additionally found in Turoyo. Hertevin enjoys one another ?aha and ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), however, Mandaic only has aha (Macuch 1965, 495).
On the other hand, additional NENA, i’ve other terms and conditions: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)
(21) One to as an alternative mystical product that’s attested in every NENA languages but Sanandaj Christian (and that most likely simply a spin gap in the research) is aqla ’foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues that term derives on the root ql ’to getting crooked’. All the dialects utilize the function aqla, but Koy Sanjaq aqla and you will Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.
(22) Several other phrase talked about from the Krotkoff (1985, 131-thirty-two, 134) is baxta ’woman’, with supplanted the fresh Syriac atta in most NENA, not when you look at the Turoyo or Mandaic. That it keyword generally seems to result of Kurdish baxt ’honor’. It is interesting to see you to definitely an irregular plural survives into the numerous dialects: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you will Halabja inse.
(23) Surprise advancement mentioned because of the Noldeke (1868, 59) are rxata, equal to Syriac rhat. The alteration regarding h to x within one-word try found in all the NENA languages where in actuality the verb was attested. Examples: Sanandaj Religious raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi roentgen-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).
(24) Several other unanticipated advancement is the NENA verb ’fear’, that takes the newest forms zda?an excellent, zdaya, and you may zdala about various dialects. Macuch and Panoussi (1974, 50) bring a possible derivation regarding Syriac ezda za ’be shaken’. Models on the infixed d are found in all new NENA dialects where options is actually attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ’God-dreading (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ’he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ’he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ’they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)
Not all of your own determining features of https://datingranking.net/de/hundedatierung/ NENA can be found in both Turoyo or Mandaic
I think your a lot more than will make it obvious your NENA dialects share numerous special faculties being discovered none in the last attested types of Aramaic neither in the other way of living languages. These features diversity across the domain names off phonology, morphology, and also the lexicon.
Specifically, every dialects off NENA agree when you look at the requirements 2, nine, 14, fifteen, 16, 21, and you will twenty two. Every dialects in which we have recommendations plus agree on requirements 20, 23, and you will twenty four.
Just about Halabja agree in standards 8 and you can 11. Expectations six is located in most of the dialects except Halabja, Hertevin, and you will Sanandaj Christian.
Despite the internal divisions, the brand new NENA languages form a stunningly coherent class, split obviously of both Turoyo and you can Mandaic. The position of those dialects away from NENA pale may be out of question.
The levels that has actually was mutual all over NENA is specially unbelievable whenever we look at the tremendous differences between the different dialects. The newest determine from most other languages on NENA has been each other deep and broad, and the degree of mutual intelligibility ranging from languages could be extremely small. Many mutual designs argue highly to have a familiar provider from the latest NENA languages, in a choice of an individual dialect or in a small grouping of closely relevant languages. At the same time, we can detect a handful of important bundles out of isoglosses and this portray new boundaries from dialect communities.
a) This new dialect from Halabja will not display specific essential innovations and therefore are located thanks to all the remaining portion of the dialects. It doesn’t mode a great CCiC-le preterite out of intransitive verbs (8), it’s no b(it)- future marker (10), possesses zero third people singular copula having step one (11). This might be the quintessential simple department ranging from languages regarding NENA. It indicates the kept dialects means a group whereby innovations spread when you are Halabja remained unaffected of the them.
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